Geodesy
The science of determining the Earth's shape, size, and gravitational field, as well as the precise positioning of points on the Earth's surface.
Geodesy is one of the oldest sciences dealing with the study of Earth's shape, size, and gravitational field. It forms the foundation for all surveying work and cartographic development.
Geodesy is divided into several branches:
- Higher or theoretical geodesy - studies Earth's shape as a whole, gravitational field, and principles of geodetic network formation
- Practical geodesy - deals with specific measurements and coordinate determination
- Engineering geodesy - provides geodetic support for construction and engineering projects
- Space geodesy - uses satellite technologies for precise positioning
Why is geodesy important?
Geodesy provides the precise coordinate systems and reference points without which modern cartography, navigation, construction, and land management would not be possible. In Latvia, geodetic work is performed in the Latvian Geodetic Coordinate System LKS-92.
When is geodesy used?
Geodetic principles and methods are applied in all surveying work - from land boundary determination to infrastructure construction. Precise geodetic measurements are required for topographic plan development, construction project implementation, road and bridge construction, and cadastral land surveying.
Modern geodesy extensively uses satellite positioning systems (GNSS), laser scanning (LiDAR), and photogrammetry, which allow obtaining high-precision data with greater efficiency.