Deformation Measurements

Deformation measurements are specialized high-precision geodetic measurements that allow determining and monitoring movements of buildings, structures, or ground surface. These measurements are essential for safety and structural integrity assurance.

Types of deformation:

• Vertical deformations - settlement, uplift
• Horizontal deformations - lateral displacement, tilting
• Rotational deformations - rotation around axis
• Combined deformations - combination of multiple types

When are deformation measurements needed?

• New buildings - settlement monitoring in the first operation period
• Old buildings - stability control, renovation planning
• Construction impact - monitoring adjacent buildings
• Bridges and overpasses - regular technical monitoring
• Dams and protective structures - safety monitoring
• Industrial equipment - precision maintenance

Measurement methods:

• Precise leveling - vertical displacement determination
• Trigonometric method - with precision total stations
• GNSS monitoring - continuous satellite observation
• Photogrammetry - 3D model comparison
• Inclinometry - tilt change measurement
• Laser scanning - detailed surface analysis

Deformation measurement system:

1. Base points - stable reference points outside deformation zone
2. Control points - points on the studied object
3. Observation schedule - regular measurement plan
4. Data analysis - displacement calculation and interpretation

Precision:

• Vertically - up to ±0.3 mm
• Horizontally - up to ±1 mm
• Depending on object and requirements

Documentation:

Deformation measurement results are documented in reports and graphs showing displacement dynamics over time. When allowable limits are exceeded, warnings are issued about the need for action.