Building Axis Staking

Building axis staking is one of the most important engineering geodesy works, in which project coordinates and heights are precisely transferred to the construction site. This work determines the quality of all subsequent construction.

What is staked out?

• Building axes - main structural lines of the building (A, B, C and 1, 2, 3)
• Foundation outline - foundation location
• Height benchmark - reference point for height control
• Road and area axes - infrastructure elements
• Utility routes - communication placement

Stakeout process:

1. Project analysis - obtaining coordinate and height data
2. Geodetic network creation - establishing base points
3. Stakeout calculation - coordinate recalculation to work system
4. Axis stakeout - marking points in the field
5. Check measurements - precision control
6. Documentation - preparation of stakeout certificate

Stakeout methods:

• Polar method - with total station from known point
• GNSS method - direct coordinate staking
• Orthogonal method - perpendicular and parallel to base line
• Combined method - combination of different methods

Precision requirements:

• Residential buildings - ±5-10 mm
• Industrial buildings - ±2-5 mm
• High-rise buildings - ±3 mm
• Precision structures - ±1 mm

Stakeout markers:

• Metal pins in concrete
• Wooden stakes with nails
• Marking paint
• Stakeout boards with marks

Stakeout certificate:

After completing the stakeout, the surveyor prepares a stakeout certificate - a document confirming work completion and indicating the coordinates of staked points. This document is part of the construction documentation.